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The Railroad Press

Толкование Перевод

1 TRP

1) Медицина: ГТО (Technical Review Panel (Группа технической оценки) Глобального фонда)

2) Американизм: Treasury Recovery Probability

3) Военный термин: Target Reporting Parameters, Technical Review Panel, Theater Response Package, table of replaceable parts, target reference point, threat recognition processor, time reference point, track reporting post, traffic regulation point

4) Техника: television remote pickup, thermoplastic recording

5) Шутливое выражение: Twisted Resource Pickle

6) Сокращение: Technology Reinvestment Program, Technology Reinvestment Program / Project (USA), Threat Recognition Processor (US Navy), trade pattern, tripped, tripping

7) Университет: Team Research Project

8) Вычислительная техника: Token Ring serial Port

9) Нефть: treating pressure

10) Онкология: Transient Receptor Potential, Tumor Repressor Protein

11) Космонавтика: ППМ

12) Реклама: Целевой оценочный коэффициент

13) СМИ: Target Rating Points, The Railroad Press, Totally Random Picture

14) Деловая лексика: Totally Responsible Person

15) Автоматика: tool recovery procedure, tool requirements planning

16) Золотодобыча: фабрика по переработке хвостов, фабрика по переработке хвостохранилищ, ЗИФ по переработке хвостов, золотоизвлекательная фабрика по переработке хвостов, tailings re-treatment plant

17) Фантастика The Real Picard

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > TRP
2 Trp

1) Медицина: ГТО (Technical Review Panel (Группа технической оценки) Глобального фонда)

2) Американизм: Treasury Recovery Probability

3) Военный термин: Target Reporting Parameters, Technical Review Panel, Theater Response Package, table of replaceable parts, target reference point, threat recognition processor, time reference point, track reporting post, traffic regulation point

4) Техника: television remote pickup, thermoplastic recording

5) Шутливое выражение: Twisted Resource Pickle

6) Сокращение: Technology Reinvestment Program, Technology Reinvestment Program / Project (USA), Threat Recognition Processor (US Navy), trade pattern, tripped, tripping

7) Университет: Team Research Project

8) Вычислительная техника: Token Ring serial Port

9) Нефть: treating pressure

10) Онкология: Transient Receptor Potential, Tumor Repressor Protein

11) Космонавтика: ППМ

12) Реклама: Целевой оценочный коэффициент

13) СМИ: Target Rating Points, The Railroad Press, Totally Random Picture

14) Деловая лексика: Totally Responsible Person

15) Автоматика: tool recovery procedure, tool requirements planning

16) Золотодобыча: фабрика по переработке хвостов, фабрика по переработке хвостохранилищ, ЗИФ по переработке хвостов, золотоизвлекательная фабрика по переработке хвостов, tailings re-treatment plant

17) Фантастика The Real Picard

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Trp
3 trp

1) Медицина: ГТО (Technical Review Panel (Группа технической оценки) Глобального фонда)

2) Американизм: Treasury Recovery Probability

3) Военный термин: Target Reporting Parameters, Technical Review Panel, Theater Response Package, table of replaceable parts, target reference point, threat recognition processor, time reference point, track reporting post, traffic regulation point

4) Техника: television remote pickup, thermoplastic recording

5) Шутливое выражение: Twisted Resource Pickle

6) Сокращение: Technology Reinvestment Program, Technology Reinvestment Program / Project (USA), Threat Recognition Processor (US Navy), trade pattern, tripped, tripping

7) Университет: Team Research Project

8) Вычислительная техника: Token Ring serial Port

9) Нефть: treating pressure

10) Онкология: Transient Receptor Potential, Tumor Repressor Protein

11) Космонавтика: ППМ

12) Реклама: Целевой оценочный коэффициент

13) СМИ: Target Rating Points, The Railroad Press, Totally Random Picture

14) Деловая лексика: Totally Responsible Person

15) Автоматика: tool recovery procedure, tool requirements planning

16) Золотодобыча: фабрика по переработке хвостов, фабрика по переработке хвостохранилищ, ЗИФ по переработке хвостов, золотоизвлекательная фабрика по переработке хвостов, tailings re-treatment plant

17) Фантастика The Real Picard

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > trp
4 officer

офицер; должностное лицо; сотрудник; укомплектовывать офицерским составом; командовать

Air officer, Administration, Strike Command — Бр. начальник административного управления командования ВВС в Великобритании

Air officer, Engineering, Strike Command — Бр. начальник инженерно-технического управления командования ВВС в Великобритании

Air officer, Maintenance, RAF Support Command — Бр. начальник управления технического обслуживания командования тыла ВВС

Air officer, Training, RAF Support Command — начальник управления подготовки ЛС командования тыла ВВС

assistant G3 plans officer — помощник начальника оперативного отдела [отделения] по планированию

casualty evacuation (control) officer — офицер управления медицинской эвакуацией (морского десанта)

Defense Liaison officer (in the White House) — офицер связи МО (при Белом доме)

Flag officer, Germany — командующий ВМС ФРГ

Flag officer, Naval Air Command — Бр. командующий авиацией ВМС

Flag officer, Submarines — Бр. командующий подводными силами ВМС

float an officer (through personnel channels) — направлять личное дело офицера (в различные кадровые инстанции);

General officer Commanding, Royal Marines — Бр. командующий МП

General officer Commanding, the Artillery Division — командир артиллерийской дивизии (БРА)

landing zone (aircraft) control officer — офицер по управлению авиацией в районе десантирования (ВДВ)

nuclear weapons (employment) officer — офицер по применению ЯО

officer, responsible for the exercise — офицер, ответственный за учение (ВМС)

Principal Medical officer, Strike Command — Бр. начальник медицинской службы командования ВВС в Великобритании

Senior Air Staff officer, Strike Command — Бр. НШ командования ВВС в Великобритании

senior officer, commando assault unit — Бр. командир штурмового отряда «коммандос»

senior officer, naval assault unit — Бр. командир военно-морского штурмового отряда

senior officer, naval build-up unit — Бр. командир военно-морского отряда наращивания сил десанта

senior officer, present — старший из присутствующих начальников

senior officer, Royal Artillery — Бр. старший начальник артиллерии

senior officer, Royal Engineers — Бр. старший начальник инженерных войск

short service term (commissioned) officer — Бр. офицер, призываемый на кратковременную службу; офицер, проходящий службу по краткосрочному контракту

special weapons (employment) officer — офицер по применению специального оружия

tactical air officer (afloat) — офицер по управлению ТА поддержки (морского) десанта (на корабле управления)

The Dental officer, US Marine Corps — начальник зубоврачебной службы МП США

The Medical officer, US Marine Corps — начальник медицинской службы МП США

welfare (and recreation) officer — офицер по вопросам быта и организации отдыха (военнослужащих)

— accommodation officer

— accredited officer

— acting officer

— action officer

— action staff officer

— active officer

— administration officer

— administrative officer

— adviser duty officer

— aerial delivery officer

— aerial surveillance officer

— aeromedical evacuation control officer

— aeromedical evacuation coordinating officer

— aeromedical evacuation liaison officer

— aeromedical evacuation operations officer

— aeronautical evacuation control officer

— agent finance officer

— air commanding officer

— air contact officer

— air control/antiair warfare officer

— air defense artillery officer

— air liaison officer

— air movement officer

— air officer of the day

— air officer

— air operations officer

— air reconnaissance liaison officer

— air reconnaissance officer

— air support officer

— air surveillance officer

— air training officer

— air transport liaison officer

— air transport operations officer

— air transportation officer

— air weapons training officer

— airborne control officer

— airborne force liaison officer

— aircraft maintenance officer

— aircraft warning officer

— airlift duty officer

— airlift liaison coordination officer

— alcohol and drug control officer

— ammunition officer

— ammunition technical officer

— amphibian tractor officer

— antiair warfare officer

— antimechanized officer

— antisubmarine officer

— approach line control officer

— area intelligence officer

— area petroleum officer

— armament and electronics officer

— armament officer

— armament operation officer

— armament systems officer

— armored officer

— army artillery officer

— Army aviation officer

— Army Emergency Relief officer

— Army's Chief Personnel Selection officer

— artillery air officer

— artillery forward observation officer

— artillery intelligence officer

— artillery liaison officer

— artillery maintenance officer

— artillery officer

— artillery ordnance officer

— aspirant officer

— assessing officer

— assignment officer

— assistant administrative officer

— assistant artillery officer

— assistant central control officer

— assistant commanding officer

— assistant division aviation officer

— assistant military landing officer

— assistant officer

— assistant operations officer

— assistant staff officer

— AT officer

— athletics and recreation officer

— atomic demolition munition staff officer

— automatic data processing systems analysis officer

— automation management officer

— automotive officer

— aviation safety officer

— base operations officer

— battery assistant executive officer

— battery control officer

— battery executive officer

— battery gun position officer

— battery officers

— bi-functional staff officer

— billeting officer

— bomb disposal officer

— bomb reconnaissance officer

— bombardment liaison officer

— briefing officer

— brigade officer

— buildings and grounds officer

— burial supervising officer

— cable officer

— Cadet Instruction List officer

— cadet officer

— camouflage officer

— career officer

— career reserve officer

— careers officer

— carrier-borne ground liaison officer

— cartographic officer

— case officer

— casual officer

— casualty clearing officer

— catering officer

— censorship officer

— central force control officer

— chemical maintenance officer

— chemical officer

— chemical processing officer

— chemical supply officer

— chief administrative officer

— chief administrative staff officer

— chief chemical officer

— chief cipher officer

— chief decontamination officer

— chief disbursing officer

— chief education officer

— chief engineer officer

— chief general staff officer

— chief intelligence officer

— chief medical officer

— chief ordnance officer

— chief public affairs officer

— Chief Public Relations officer

— chief recruiting officer

— chief signal officer

— Chief Signals officer

— chief staff officer

— chief supply and transport officer

— chief transportation officer

— cipher officer

— civil affairs officer

— civil defence officer

— civil defense warning officer

— civil liaison officer

— civilian personnel officer

— civil-military operations officer

— claims officer

— classification and assignment officer

— classification officer

— classified material control officer

— collection management officer

— colour officer

— combat cargo officer

— combat reports officer

— combat service support coordination officer

— combatant officer

— COMINT officer

— command duty officer

— Command Security officer

— commanding artillery officer

— Commanding officer of Troops

— commissioned officer

— commissioned warrant officer

— communications and electronics security officer

— communications duty officer

— communications officer

— communications security officer

— communications watch officer

— communications/electronics officer

— community relations officer

— company execution officer

— company executive officer

— company grade officer

— compensation officer

— complex safety officer

— confinement officer

— conservation officer

— construction engineer officer

— continuity officer

— contracting officer

— coordinating officer

— correspondence officer

— counter mortar officer

— counterbattery intelligence officer

— counterbattery officer

— counterbombardment officer

— counterfire officer

— counterintelligence officer

— countermortar intelligence officer

— countermortar liaison officer

— courier transfer officer

— court-martial officer

— CP officer

— crew evaluation officer

— criminal investigations officer

— cryptanalysis officer

— cryptographical officer

— cryptologic officer

— DA air traffic coordinating officer

— damage-control officer

— debarkation medical officer

— debarkation officer

— decontamination officer

— defense attache liaison officer

— Defense Communications officer

— Defense Liaison officer to the President

— deferred officer

— demolition officer

— departure airfield control officer

— deplaning officer

— depot commanding officer

— deputy commanding officer

— deputy public affairs officer

— desk officer

— detail officer

— detraining officer

— development projects officer

— disbursing officer

— dispatching officer

— disposal officer

— district engineering officer

— district intelligence officer

— division ammunition officer

— division artillery executive officer

— division chemical officer

— division materiel officer

— division officer

— division ordnance officer

— division property book officer

— division signal officer

— division's commanding officer

— drop zone control officer

— drop zone safety officer

— dump officer

— duty cypher officer

— duty intelligence officer

— duty officer

— ECM officer

— education services officer

— elementary schools officer

— embarkation and combat cargo officer

— embarkation billeting officer

— embarkation control officer

— embarkation medical officer

— embarkation staff officer

— emergency traffic coordinating officer

— emplaning officer

— engineer grounds and maintenance officer

— engineer officer

— engineer operations officer

— engineer reconnaissance officer

— engineer supply officer

— engineering assignment officer

— engineering duty officer

— engineering officer

— entertainments officer

— entraining officer

— equal opportunity staff officer

— equipment and maintenance officer

— escort officer

— evacuation officer

— EW officer

— EW/cryptologic tactical operations officer

— examining officer

— exchange officer

— executive officer

— extraction zone control officer

— FA fire support officer

— family welfare officer

— female officer

— field grade officer

— field officer of the day

— field petroleum officer

— field press censorship officer

— field security officer

— field services officer

— fighter director officer

— fighter duty officer

— fighter liaison officer

— finance and accounting officer

— fire direction officer

— fire prevention officer

— fire support coordination officer

— fire support officer

— firing officer

— fiscal officer

— flag officer assault and lodgement area

— flag officer

— flag-rank officer

— fleet marine officer

— flight officer

— flight safety officer

— flying officer

— food service officer

— force gunnery officer

— force modernization action officer

— foreign area officer

— forward air control officer

— forward area support coordinating officer

— forward control officer

— forward observer officer

— front-line officer

— fuels officer

— gangplank officer

— gas identification officer

— general and organizational action officer

— general duty officer

— General officer Commanding

— General officer Commanding-in-Chief

— general staff officer

— general supply officer

— GM operations officer

— grad officer

— ground defense officer

— ground liaison officer

— ground officer

— ground training officer

— guidance control officer

— guidance systems officer

— gun position officer

— gunnery officer

— heavy engineer equipment officer

— helicopter loading zone control officer

— high-ranking officer

— highway traffic officer

— highway transportation officer

— housing officer

— human relations officer

— immediate commanding officer

— in-addition-to-other-duties officer

— income tax assistance officer

— indorsing officer

— infantry officer

— information activities officer

— inspection officer

— installation intelligence and security officer

— installation transportation officer

— installations officer

— instructor officer

— insurance officer

— intelligence communications officer

— intelligence language officer

— intelligence liaison officer

— intelligence officer

— intelligence research officer

— interpreter officer

— interrogation officer

— investigating officer

— junior officer of the day

— junior officer of the watch

— junior officer of the week

— junior rank officer

— land liaison officer

— landing control officer

— landing-craft control officer

— landing-force loading officer

— language officer

— launch-control officer

— laundry officer

— law enforcement officer

— legal assistance officer

— liaison duty officer

— liaison officer to departure airfield

— liaison officer

— liaison staff officer

— limited duty officer

— line officer

— line specialist officer

— loading officer

— local claims officer

— local purchasing officer

— local transport officer

— logistics assignment officer

— logistics assistance officer

— logistics control officer

— logistics officer

— logistics readiness officer

— long-term officer

— mail officer

— main officers

— maintenance officer

— make an officer

— mapping and intelligence officer

— marshaling area control officer

— materiel readiness officer

— medical commanding officer

— medical officer

— medical regulating officer

— medical regulation officer

— mess officer

— message transmission releasing officer

— meteorological officer

— middle rank officer

— military intelligence officer

— military intelligence reserve officer

— military interviewing officer

— military justice officer

— military landing officer

— military officer

— military personnel procurement officer

— military supply officer

— military transport officer

— minority group officer

— missile control officer

— missile flight control officer

— missile launch officer

— missile operations officer

— missile range safety officer

— morale officer

— motor maintenance officer

— motor officer

— motor transportation officer

— movement control officer

— movement liaison officer

— movements identification officer

— munitions officer

— national service officer

— naval air liaison officer

— naval chief air intelligence officer

— naval control of shipping officer

— naval embarkation officer

— naval gunfire liaison officer

— naval intelligence officer

— naval liaison officer

— naval officer

— Navy liaison officer

— NBC defense officer

— NBC weapons employment officer

— neutral officer

— noncommissioned officer

— nonpromotion list officer

— nonrated officer

— nuclear operations officer

— nuclear safety officer

— nuclear weapon courier officer

— nuclear weapons requirement officer

— nursing officer

— officer commanding

— officer conducting the exercise

— officer conducting the serial

— officer in command

— officer in tactical command

— officer in waiting

— officer of the day in waiting

— officer of the day

— officer of the deck

— officer of the guard

— officer of the rounds

— officer of the week

— officer scheduling the exercise

— officer serving afloat

— OP officer

— operationally oriented officer

— operations and training officer

— operations duty officer

— order of battle officer

— orderly officer

— ordnance engineering duty officer

— ordnance GM officer

— ordnance officer

— ordnance staff officer

— organizational effectiveness staff officer

— orientation officer

— other than Regular Army officer

— over-the-hill officer

— pay officer

— personal liaison officer

— personal staff officer

— personnel information security officer

— personnel management officer

— personnel officer

— personnel records officer

— personnel selection officer

— personnel staff officer

— personnel/logistics officer

— petroleum officer

— physical training officer

— planning officer

— plans officer

— platoon officer

— Post Billeting officer

— Post Exchange officer

— postal officer

— presiding officer of the JCS

— press officer

— pretrial investigating officer

— primary control officer

— primary staff officer

— principal administrative officer

— principal Army technical information officer

— principal embarkation officer

— principal military landing officer

— principal staff officer

— probationary subaltern officer

— procurement contracting officer

— procurement officer

— professional development officer

— project officer

— propaganda officer

— property book officer

— property disposal officer

— Protocol officer for the Secretary of Defense

— psychological operations officer

— psychological warfare officer

— public affairs officer

— public information officer

— public relations officer

— public works officer

— purchasing and contracting officer

— race relations/equal opportunity officer

— radar intercept officer

— radar officer

— radio officer

— radiological defense officer

— radiological protection officer

— radiological survey officer

— railhead officer

— railroad station traffic officer

— railroad transportation officer

— range officer

— ranking officer

— rated officer

— rating officer

— real estate and claims officer

— rear link officer

— rear seat officer

— reconnaissance and survey officer

— reconnaissance duty officer

— reconnaissance liaison officer

— reconnaissance officer

— reconnaissance systems officer

— recruiting and induction officer

— recruiting and retention officer

— reenlistment officer

— regiment officer

— regimental medical officer

— regiment's commanding officer

— regular commissioned officer

— regulating officer

— releasing officer

— religious service officer

— reports control officer

— reserve officer

— resettlement officer

— road officer

— road traffic officer

— sales commissary officer

— sanitation officer

— school liaison officer

— sea transport officer

— secondary control officer

— security control officer

— senior bombardment liaison officer

— Senior British Naval officer

— senior chief officer

— senior embarkation officer

— senior general officer

— senior general staff officer

— senior intelligence officer

— senior landing officer

— senior medical officer

— senior officer

— senior personnel staff officer

— senior rank officer

— senior signal officer

— senior staff officer

— serving officer

— ship embarkation officer

— ship's combat cargo officer

— shore party officer

— SIGINT officer

— signal officer

— signal security officer

— smoke control officer

— special security officer

— special services officer

— specialist officer

— spotting officer

— squadron command officer

— squadron duty officer

— staff chemical officer

— staff duties officer

— staff duty officer

— staff loading officer

— staff officer

— staff planning officer

— staff security officer

— staff signal officer

— Standing Group Liaison officer to the North Atlantic Council

— strategic intelligence officer

— strategic plans officer

— strategic SIGINT officer

— student officer

— superintendent ammunition supply officer

— superior officer

— supervisory officer

— supply and service control officer

— supply management officer

— survey officer

— surveying officer

— survivor assistance officer

— systems project officer

— tactical action officer

— tactical air control officer

— tactical air liaison officer

— tactical airlift duty officer

— tactical airlift liaison officer

— tactical control officer

— tactical evaluating officer

— tactical intelligence officer

— tactical officer

— tactical surveillance officer

— tank officer

— tank unit landing officer

— target control officer

— target selection officer

— targets officer

— team embarkation officer

— technical grade officer

— technical liaison officer

— technical officer

— technical supply officer

— technical telecommunications officer

— terrain intelligence officer

— territorial officer

— topographic officer

— track production officer

— trailing officer

— train officer

— training aids officer

— training officer

— transportation officer

— travel officer

— troop loading officer

— troop officer

— unconventional warfare officer

— understudy staff officer

— unit commanding officer

— unit communications officer

— unit emplaning officer

— unit loading officer

— unit personnel officer

— unit postal officer

— unit readiness officer

— unrestricted line officer

— vehicle column control officer

— venereal disease control officer

— warrant officer

— watch officer

— water intelligence officer

— water supply officer

— water traffic officer

— weapon coordination officer

— weapon liaison officer

— weapon system officer

— weapon training officer

— weather officer

— wire officer

— wireless officer

* * *

офицер

English-Russian military dictionary > officer
5 Janney, Eli Hamilton

SUBJECT AREA: Railways and locomotives

[br]

b. 12 November 1831 Loudoun County, Virginia, USA

d. 16 June 1912 Alexandria, Virginia, USA

[br]

American inventor of buckeye coupling for railway vehicles.

[br]

Early American railways used link-and-pin couplings, with consequent danger to life and limb of those who had to go between vehicles to couple and uncouple them. Many inventors tried to produce a coupling that would couple automatically and could be uncoupled from the trackside, and Janney was eventually successful in achieving this. He invented his device, which worked like the hooked fingers of two hands, in 1868, and after improvement it was adopted by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1874. Janney formed the Janney Car Coupling Company, but it was not until 1888 that the Master Car Builders' Association made the Janney coupling standard on American railways. Automatic couplings were made compulsory in the USA by the Railroad Safety Appliance Act of 1893.

[br]

Bibliography

Janney took out five US patents for automatic couplings between 1868 and 1882.

Further Reading

J.F.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 152ö4.

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Janney, Eli Hamilton
6 Westinghouse, George

SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Land transport, Public utilities, Railways and locomotives

[br]

b. 6 October 1846 Central Bridge, New York, USA

d. 12 March 1914 New York, New York, USA

[br]

American inventor and entrepreneur, pioneer of air brakes for railways and alternating-current distribution of electricity.

[br]

George Westinghouse's father was an ingenious manufacturer of agricultural implements; the son, after a spell in the Union Army during the Civil War, and subsequently in the Navy as an engineer, went to work for his father. He invented a rotary steam engine, which proved impracticable; a rerailing device for railway rolling stock in 1865; and a cast-steel frog for railway points, with longer life than the cast-iron frogs then used, in 1868–9. During the same period Westinghouse, like many other inventors, was considering how best to meet the evident need for a continuous brake for trains, i.e. one by which the driver could apply the brakes on all vehicles in a train simultaneously instead of relying on brakesmen on individual vehicles. By chance he encountered a magazine article about the construction of the Mont Cenis Tunnel, with a description of the pneumatic tools invented for it, and from this it occurred to him that compressed air might be used to operate the brakes along a train.

The first prototype was ready in 1869 and the Westinghouse Air Brake Company was set up to manufacture it. However, despite impressive demonstration of the brake's powers when it saved the test train from otherwise certain collision with a horse-drawn dray on a level crossing, railways were at first slow to adopt it. Then in 1872 Westinghouse added to it the triple valve, which enabled the train pipe to charge reservoirs beneath each vehicle, from which the compressed air would apply the brakes when pressure in the train pipe was reduced. This meant that the brake was now automatic: if a train became divided, the brakes on both parts would be applied. From then on, more and more American railways adopted the Westinghouse brake and the Railroad Safety Appliance Act of 1893 made air brakes compulsory in the USA. Air brakes were also adopted in most other parts of the world, although only a minority of British railway companies took them up, the remainder, with insular reluctance, preferring the less effective vacuum brake.

From 1880 Westinghouse was purchasing patents relating to means of interlocking railway signals and points; he combined them with his own inventions to produce a complete signalling system. The first really practical power signalling scheme, installed in the USA by Westinghouse in 1884, was operated pneumatically, but the development of railway signalling required an awareness of the powers of electricity, and it was probably this that first led Westinghouse to become interested in electrical processes and inventions. The Westinghouse Electric Company was formed in 1886: it pioneered the use of electricity distribution systems using high-voltage single-phase alternating current, which it developed from European practice. Initially this was violently opposed by established operators of direct-current distribution systems, but eventually the use of alternating current became widespread.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Légion d'honneur. Order of the Crown of Italy. Order of Leopold.

Bibliography

Westinghouse took out some 400 patents over forty-eight years.

Further Reading

H.G.Prout, 1922, A Life of "George Westinghouse", London (biography inclined towards technicalities).

F.E.Leupp, 1918, George Westinghouse: His Life and Achievements, Boston (London 1919) (biography inclined towards Westinghouse and his career).

J.F.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 152–4.

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Westinghouse, George
7 underground

underground

1 adjective ['ʌndəgraʊnd]

(a) (subterranean → explosion, pipe, lake, cable) souterrain; (→ car park) en sous-sol, souterrain

(b) (secret) secret(ète), clandestin;

∎ they joined an underground movement (clandestine) ils sont entrés dans un mouvement clandestin; (resistance) ils sont entrés dans un mouvement de résistance;

∎ the underground press la presse clandestine

(c) (unofficial → literature, theatre) d'avant-garde, underground (inv); (→ institutions) parallèle

(d) (illegal → methods) illégal

2 noun ['ʌndəgraʊnd]

(a) Military & Politics (resistance) résistance f; (secret army) armée f secrète

(b) Art, Music & Theatre avant-garde f, underground m inv

(c) British (railway) métro m;

∎ to go by underground aller en métro;

∎ the London/Glasgow underground le métro de Londres ou londonien/de Glasgow

3 adverb [‚ʌndə'graʊnd]

(a) (below surface) sous (la) terre

(b) (in hiding)

∎ to go underground passer dans la clandestinité, prendre le maquis

►► underground economy économie f souterraine;

History the Underground Railroad = réseau clandestin qui permettait aux fugitifs noirs des États esclavagistes de rejoindre le nord des États-Unis ou le Canada;

underground railway métro m;

underground station station f de métro;

underground train rame f de métro

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > underground
8 underground

1.
['] adverb

1) (beneath surface of ground) unter der Erde; (Mining) unter Tage

an explosion underground — eine unterirdische Explosion

2) (fig.) (in hiding) im Untergrund; (into hiding) in den Untergrund

go underground — untertauchen; in den Untergrund gehen
2.
['] adjective

1) unterirdisch [Höhle, See]

underground railway — Untergrundbahn, die

underground car park — Tiefgarage, die

2) (fig.): (secret)

underground organization/movement/press — Untergrundorganisation, die/-bewegung, die/-presse, die
3.
['] noun

1) (railway) U-Bahn, die

2) (clandestine movement) Untergrund, der; Untergrundbewegung, die

* * *
1. adjective
(below the surface of the ground: underground railways; underground streams.) unterirdisch
2. adverb
1) ((to a position) under the surface of the ground: Rabbits live underground.) unterirdisch

2) (into hiding: He will go underground if the police start looking for him.) der Untergrund
3. noun
((American subway) an underground railway: She hates travelling by/on the underground.) die U-Bahn

* * *

ˈunder·ground

I. adj

1. inv GEOG unterirdisch

\underground cable Erdkabel nt

2. POL, ECON Untergrund-

\underground economy Schattenwirtschaft f

\underground movement Untergrundbewegung f

3. attr ART, FASHION Underground-

4. attr RAIL U-Bahn-

\underground station U-Bahn-Station f

II. adv

1. inv GEOG unter der Erde

you can park \underground below the cinema du kannst in der Tiefgarage unter dem Kino parken

2. POL

to drive sb \underground jdn in den Untergrund zwingen

to go \underground in den Untergrund gehen

III. n

1. no pl esp BRIT RAIL U-Bahn f

▪ by \underground mit der U-Bahn

2. POL

▪ the \underground der Untergrund

a member of the \underground ein Mitglied nt der Untergrundbewegung

3. ART, FASHION

▪ the \underground die Undergroundbewegung

* * *
['ʌndəgraʊnd]
1. adj

1) explosion, lake, cave, passage unterirdisch

underground cable — Erdkabel nt

underground mining — Untertagebau m

or railroad (US) — Untergrundbahn f

underground line — U-Bahn-Linie f

2) (fig: secret) Untergrund-

underground movement — Untergrundbewegung f

underground activities — Untergrundtätigkeit f

3) (= alternative) Underground-

underground magazine — Underground-Magazin nt

2. adv

1) unterirdisch; (MIN) unter Tage

3 m underground — 3 m unter der Erde

2) (fig)

to go underground — untertauchen

3. n

1) (Brit RAIL) U-Bahn f, Untergrundbahn f

2) (= movement) Untergrundbewegung f; (= subculture) Underground m

* * *

underground

A adv [ˌ-ˈɡraʊnd]

1. unter der oder die Erde, unterirdisch

2. fig im Verborgenen, heimlich, geheim:

go underground

a) POL zur Untergrundbewegung werden,

b) POL in den Untergrund gehen,

c) unter-, abtauchen

B adj [ˈ-ɡraʊnd]

1. unterirdisch:

underground cable Erdkabel n;

underground car park, underground garage Tiefgarage f;

underground pipe erdverlegtes Rohr;

underground railway (US railroad) → C 2;

underground water Grundwasser n

2. Bergbau: unter Tag(e):

underground mining Untertag(e)bau m

3. TECH Tiefbau…:

underground engineering Tiefbau m

4. fig Untergrund…, Geheim…, verborgen:

underground fighter POL Untergrundkämpfer(in);

underground movement POL Untergrundbewegung f

5. KUNST etc Underground…:

underground film ( music, etc)

C s [ˈ-ɡraʊnd]

1. unterirdischer Raum oder (Durch)Gang

2. besonders Br Untergrundbahn f, U-Bahn f

3. POL Untergrund(bewegung) m(f)

4. KUNST etc Underground m (avantgardistische Protestbewegung gegen das kulturelle Establishment)

* * *
1.
['] adverb

1) (beneath surface of ground) unter der Erde; (Mining) unter Tage

an explosion underground — eine unterirdische Explosion

2) (fig.) (in hiding) im Untergrund; (into hiding) in den Untergrund

go underground — untertauchen; in den Untergrund gehen
2.
['] adjective

1) unterirdisch [Höhle, See]

underground railway — Untergrundbahn, die

underground car park — Tiefgarage, die

2) (fig.): (secret)

underground organization/movement/press — Untergrundorganisation, die/-bewegung, die/-presse, die
3.
['] noun

1) (railway) U-Bahn, die

2) (clandestine movement) Untergrund, der; Untergrundbewegung, die

* * *

n.

Untergrund m.

English-german dictionary > underground
9 drive

1. n езда

a drive of 100 kilometres — пробег в сто километров

2. n прогулка, катание; поездка

to go for a drive — поехать кататься

a 3 hour drive — трёхчасовая поездка

3. n подъездная дорога, аллея

approach drive — подъездная дорога

drive a railroad — проводить железную дорогу

drive out the old road — поезжайте по старой дороге

4. n дорога для экипажей

disk drive bay — отсек для установки дисковода

drive cap — головная насадка для забивных труб

fixed disk drive — дисковод для жесткого диска

disk drive port — порт для подключения дисковода

kelly drive — вкладыши для вращения квадратной штанги

5. n просека

6. n гон, гоньба, преследование

game drive — загон дичи, зверя

armaments drive armament drive — гонка вооружений

7. n воен. наступление; атака, удар

a massive export drive in African markets — массированное экспортное наступление на африканские рынки

major drive — главный удар

blunted a drive — задержал наступление

blunt a drive — задерживать наступление

blunting a drive — задерживание наступления

drive in for the kill — переходить в решительное наступление

8. n гонка, спешка

armament drive — гонка вооружений

9. n амер. кампания

membership drive — кампания по привлечению новых членов

economy drive — поход за экономию; борьба за режим экономии

drive for signatures — кампания по сбору подписей

export drive — кампания по увеличению экспорта

drive to raise funds — кампания по сбору средств

launching a drive — начинающий кампанию; начало кампании

production drive — кампания за повышение производительности

10. n стремление

a drive for self-affirmation — стремление к самоутверждению

drive for — стремление

11. n энергия, напористость

his style has drive — у него энергичный стиль

signal drive — энергия сигнала

12. n стимул, побуждение, внутренний импульс

drive pulse — пусковой импульс

drive square — внутренний четырехгранник под ключ

13. n тенденция, направление

liberal economic drive — либеральные тенденции в распродажа товаров по низким ценам

drive direction — направление возбуждения

14. n сплав леса

two-wheel drive — привод на два колеса

four-wheel drive — с приводом на четыре колеса

all-wheel drive truck — грузовик с приводом на все колеса

15. n сплавной лес

16. n удар; драйв

17. n толчок

18. n тех. привод, передача

front wheel drive — привод на передние колёса

eccentric drive — эксцентриковый привод

rear axle drive — привод на задний мост

zeroing a drive — обесточивание привода

antenna drive mechanism — привод антенны

auxiliary drive — вспомогательный привод

19. n вчт. дисковод; лентопротяжное устройство, лентопротяжный механизм

tape drive — привод лентопротяжного устройства

final drive unit — механизм конечной передачи

one drive system — система с одним дисководом

timing drive — привод механизма распределения

two drive system — система с двумя дисководами

CD-ROM drive — устройство чтения компакт-дисков

20. n горн. штрек

21. n дека

22. v водить, вести, править; управлять

to drive a car — вести машину

to drive a good trade — вести оживлённую торговлю

drive a good trade — вести оживленную торговлю

drive home — убеждать; доводить до сознания

drive along — ехать на машине; вести машину

drive a trade — вести торговлю

23. v ездить, ехать

to drive in a car — ехать на машине

to drive tandem — ехать цугом

drive back — возвращаться, ехать обратно

24. v водить машину; управлять лошадью

to learn to drive — научиться водить машину

to drive recklessly — лихо водить машину, быть лихачом

electronic press drive — электронный привод печатной машины

what kind of car do you drive? — какой марки у вас машина?

press power drive system — привод печатной машины

drive yourself service — прокат машин без шофёра

press drive — привод печатной машины

25. v быть хорошим или плохим в эксплуатации

the car drives well — машину легко водить, эта машина слушается руля

to drive asunder — разогнать или разбросать в разные стороны

fuel pump drive shaft — вал привода топливного насоса

computer-controlled drive — привод, управляемый ЭВМ

pylon drive shaft — вал трансмиссии рулевого винта

fuel pump drive — вал привода топливного насоса

26. v отбрасывать, теснить

to drive the enemy from his positions — выбить противника с позиций

27. v гнать; рассеивать

his words drove all doubts from my mind — его слова рассеяли все мои сомнения

to drive cattle — гнать скот

to drive in the cows — загнать коров

to drive away care — гнать от себя заботы

drive away — прогонять, отсылать; отгонять, гнать от себя

28. v гнать, нести, перемещать

the wind is driving the clouds — ветер гонит тучи

29. v нестись; налетать; перемещаться

the rain was driving against the window-panes — дождь барабанил в окна

30. v нестись, мчаться

the ship drove across the waves — корабль резал волну

he drove rudely past her into the room — оттолкнув её, он влетел в комнату

to drive to accelerate — бежать с ускорением

31. v загонять, забивать, вбивать; вонзать

to drive a rivet — посадить заклёпку

to drive a nail home — забивать гвоздь по самую шляпку

drive piles — забивать сваи

32. v входить, вонзаться

33. v подгонять

to drive a committee — подгонять комиссию

34. v перегружать; заваливать работой

drive not ready — дисковод не готов к работе

35. v разг. затягивать, оттягивать

Синонимический ряд:

1. ambition (noun) ambition; energy; enterprise; enthusiasm; force; initiative; motivation

2. campaign (noun) campaign; crusade; push

3. effort (noun) effort; impulse; incentive; moment; motive; pressure

4. ride (noun) excursion; jaunt; outing; ride; spin; tour; trip; turn

5. steam (noun) hustle; punch; steam; vigour

6. vigor (noun) bang; getup; get-up-and-go; go; pep; snap; starch; vigor; vitality

7. way (noun) approach; avenue; driveway; freeway; highway; path; road; roadway; street; thoroughfare; way

8. auto (verb) auto; charioteer; motor; pilot; steer; tool; wheel

9. chase (verb) chase; herd; prod

10. force (verb) force; goad; incite; punch; strike

11. hunt (verb) hunt; stalk

12. impress (verb) drill; grave; hammer; hit; impress; nail; pound; stamp

13. make (verb) coerce; compel; constrain; make

14. motivate (verb) motivate; press; urge

15. move (verb) actuate; impel; mobilise; mobilize; move; propel

16. overburden (verb) overburden; overtax; overwork

17. plunge (verb) burst; dive; forge; lunge; pitch; plunge

18. ride (verb) go; ride; spin; travel; turn

19. run (verb) dig; propel; push; ram; run; shove; sink; stab; stick; thrust

20. work (verb) fag; labor; labour; moil; strain; strive; sweat; task; tax; toil; travail; tug; work

Антонимический ряд:

apathy; curb; discourage; drag; entice; halt; haul; hinder; incline; induce; lead; persuade; restrain

English-Russian base dictionary > drive
10 Allen, Horatio

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

[br]

b. 10 May 1802 Schenectady, New York, USA

d. 1 January 1890 South Orange, New Jersey, USA

[br]

American engineer, pioneer of steam locomotives.

[br]

Allen was the Resident Engineer for construction of the Delaware \& Hudson Canal and in 1828 was instructed by J.B. Jervis to visit England to purchase locomotives for the canal's rail extension. He drove the locomotive Stourbridge Lion, built by J.U. Rastrick, on its first trial on 9 August 1829, but weak track prevented its regular use.

Allen was present at the Rainhill Trials on the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway in October 1829. So was E.L.Miller, one of the promoters of the South Carolina Canal \& Rail Road Company, to which Allen was appointed Chief Engineer that autumn. Allen was influential in introducing locomotives to this railway, and the West Point Foundry built a locomotive for it to his design; it was the first locomotive built in the USA for sale. This locomotive, which bore some resemblance to Novelty, built for Rainhill by John Braithwaite and John Ericsson, was named Best Friend of Charleston. On Christmas Day 1830 it hauled the first scheduled steam train to run in America, carrying 141 passengers.

In 1832 the West Point Foundry built four double-ended, articulated 2–2–0+0–2–2 locomotives to Horatio Allen's design for the South Carolina railroad. From each end of a central firebox extended two boiler barrels side by side with common smokeboxes and chimneys; wheels were mounted on swivelling sub-frames, one at each end, beneath these boilers. Allen's principal object was to produce a powerful locomotive with a light axle loading.

Allen subsequently became a partner in Stillman, Allen \& Co. of New York, builders of marine engines, and in 1843 was President of the Erie Railroad.

[br]

Further Reading

J.Marshall, 1978, A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.

Dictionary of American Biography.

R.E.Carlson, 1969, The Liverpool \& Manchester Railway Project 1821–1831, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.

J.F.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

J.H.White Jr, 1994, "Old debts and new visions", in Common Roots—Separate Branches, London: Science Museum, 79–82.

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Allen, Horatio
11 Stevens, Robert Livingston

SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

[br]

b. 18 October 1787 Hoboken, New Jersey, USA

d. 20 April 1856 Hoboken, New Jersey, USA

[br]

American engineer, pioneer of steamboats and railways.

[br]

R.L.Stevens was the son of John Stevens and was given the technical education his father lacked. He assisted his father with the Little Juliana and the Phoenix, managed the commercial operation of the Phoenix on the Delaware River, and subsequently built many other steamboats.

In 1830 he and his brother Edwin A.Stevens obtained a charter from the New Jersey Legislature for the Camden \& Amboy Railroad \& Transportation Company, and he visited Britain to obtain rails and a locomotive. Railway track in the USA then normally comprised longitudinal timber rails with running surfaces of iron straps, but Stevens designed rails of flat-bottom section, which were to become standard, and had the first batch rolled in Wales. He also designed hookheaded spikes for them, and "iron tongues", which became fishplates. From Robert Stephenson \& Co. (see Robert Stephenson) he obtained the locomotive John Bull, which was similar to the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway's Samson. The Camden \& Amboy Railroad was opened in 1831, but John Bull, a 0–4–0, proved over sensitive to imperfections in the track; Stevens and his mechanic, Isaac Dripps, added a two-wheeled non-swivelling "pilot" at the front to guide it round curves. The locomotive survives at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.

[br]

Further Reading

H.P.Spratt, 1958, The Birth of the Steamboat, Charles Griffin.

J.H.White Jr, 1979, A History of the American Locomotive—Its Development: 1830– 1880, New York: Dover Publications Inc.

J.F.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

See also: Adams, William Bridges( fishplates); Vignoles, Charles Blacker( flat-bottom rail).

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Stevens, Robert Livingston
12 station

1. n место, местоположение

he took up a convenient station — он занял удобную позицию

work station network — сеть автоматизированных рабочих мест

flight attendant's station — рабочее место бортпроводника

cabin attendant's station — рабочий места бортпроводников

boat station — место по расписанию по шлюпочной тревоге

flight engineer station — рабочее место бортинженера

2. n станция; центр, пункт

meteorological station — метеорологическая станция

filling station — бензоколонка

dressing station — перевязочный пункт

base station — опорный пункт

weld station — станция сварки

end station — конечная станция

hub station — головная станция

wash station — станция отмывки

3. n радиостанция

station designator — позывные радиостанции

long-distance radio station — радиостанция дальнего действия

line-of-sight microwave station — микроволновая радиостанция

direction-finding radio station — пеленгаторная радиостанция

cat-and-mouse station — курсовая и управляющая радиостанция

facsimile broadcast station — фототелеграфная радиостанция

4. n амер. почтовое отделение

press station — прессовое отделение

bagging station — выбойное отделение

melt station — клеровочное отделение

pick-off station — позиция отделения

cream station — сепараторное отделение

5. n вокзал

train station — вокзал

main station — главный вокзал

central station — главный вокзал

railroad station — железнодорожная станция, вокзал

6. n железнодорожная станция

station yard — станционные пути

buoy station — буйковая станция

drift station — ведомая станция

field station — полевая станция

hold station — станция загрузки

land station — наземная станция

7. n стоянка

home station — стоянка

8. n воен. пост

battle station — боевой пост

duty officer's station — пост дежурного офицера

trigonometrical station — триангуляционный пост

after control station — кормовой пост управления

concrete coating station — пост покрытия бетоном

fire-fighting station — пост по пожарной тревоге

9. n воен. пункт расквартирования

staging station — этапный пункт

load station — загрузочный пункт

meal station — питательный пункт

command station — командный пункт

flag station — остановочный пункт

10. n воен. гарнизон

station hospital — гарнизонный госпиталь

military station — военный гарнизон

11. n воен. авиационная база, авиабаза

station commander — начальник авиационной базы

torpedo station — база торпедных катеров

aviation fuel station — пост заправки авиационным топливом

12. n воен. военно-морская база

service station — станция технического обслуживания; ремонтная база

13. n воен. остановка

we get out at the next station — мы выходим на следующей остановке

en-route station — остановка на маршруте

halt station — пункт остановки транспорта

14. n воен. место прохождения службы; страна или город пребывания

after a visit home he returned to his station — после поездки домой он вернулся на место работы

duty station — место службы

working station — рабочее место

aircrew station — место члена экипажа

alert station — место сбора по тревоге

crew rest station — место отдыха экипажа

15. n воен. общественное положение

a woman of high station — высокопоставленная дама

check station — положение контроля

comfort station — общественная уборная

involute station — положение эвольвентомера

public station — станция общественного вещания

lead station — положение прибора для контроля направления

16. n воен. спорт. место на старте

визирный пункт

change-over station — зона передачи эстафеты

permanent duty station — постоянное место службы

sticking station — рабочее место закольщика скота

attendant's station — рабочее место бортпроводника

background monitoring station — станция для контроля фона

17. n тех. узел

signal station — узел связи

wing station — узел подвески на крыле

end-working station — узел обработки концов изделий

photocell sensing station — узел фотоэлектрического щупа

18. n тех. этап

19. n тех. спец. ареал, место распространения, станция, участок местообитания

ozone station — станция наблюдения за озоном

palletizing station — станция загрузки палет

part load station — станция загрузки деталей

part-waching station — станция мойки деталей

pirate radio station — " пиратская " станция

20. n тех. австрал. овечье пастбище

21. n тех. редк. стоячее положение; постановка, постанов

anchor station — пост по расписанию при постановке на якорь

22. n тех. участок

torch-cutting station — участок пламенной резки заготовок

depanning station — участок выгрузки из форм

eviscerating station — участок нутровки туш

fluxing station — участок нанесения флокса

edging station — фланцеотгибочный участок

23. n тех. пожарное депо

fire station — пожарное депо

original dispatching station — депо приписки

24. n тех. амер. добавочный номер

station 1304 — добавочный 130

25. v ставить на предусмотренное место

scalding station — зона шпарки

crew station — рабочее место члена экипажа

assembly station — рабочее место для сборки

permanent station — постоянное место службы

26. v направлять на место работы

the consul is stationed at … — консул работает в …; консульство находится в …

cd-medical view station — место для просмотра компакт-дисков -

27. v помещать, размещать; определять позицию

to station a guard — выставлять караул

tool change station — позиция смены инструментов

brush station — позиция считывания с помощью щеток

punch station — позиция пробивки; пункт перфорации

tool transfer station — позиция смены инструментов

cassete station — позиция загрузки и выгрузки кассет

28. v размещать по списку

ice lookout station — пост наблюдения за ледовой обстановкой

boiler emergency station — аварийный пост управления котлами

emergency steering station — запасный пост управления рулем

abandon station — пост по расписанию для оставления корабля

surfacing station — боевой пост по расписанию для всплытия

Синонимический ряд:

1. base (noun) base; complex; installation

2. bureau (noun) bureau; headquarters; office

3. calling (noun) business; calling; employment; metier; occupation; trade

4. depot (noun) depot; terminal; way-station; whistle-stop

5. place (noun) base; caste; dignity; level; location; locus; order; place; point; position; post; rank; seat; site; situation; spot; standing; where

6. post (noun) post; posting

7. railroad station (noun) railroad station; station house

8. status (noun) capacity; character; footing; quality; state; status

9. establish (verb) assign; camp; commission; establish; fix; install; locate; place; position; post; set; situate

Антонимический ряд:

transfer

English-Russian base dictionary > station
13 drive

draɪv
1. сущ.
1) а) езда full drive ≈ езда на полной скорости test drive ≈ пробная поездка (право покупателя при покупке автомобиля в магазине) б) катание, прогулка( в экипаже, автомобиле) to go for a drive, go on a drive ≈ отправиться на прогулку to have a drive, to take a drive ≈ совершить прогулку easy drive ≈ легкая прогулка Come with us for a drive in the country. ≈ Поехали с нами погулять за город. Syn: ride, outing, excursion;
trip
2) а) дорога (для экипажей) ;
подъездная аллея (к дому) Syn: driveway б) дорога, по которой гонят дичь или загоняют скот в загон
3) преследование( неприятеля или зверя) ;
гон There were four drives, or large hunts, organized during the winter. ≈ В течение зимы были организованы четыре крупных охоты, или гона.
4) а) сплав (леса) б) сплавляемая масса( леса)
5) спорт сильный удар( в гольфе, бейсболе, теннисе, крикете)
6) воен. наступление, атака
7) амер. а) (общественная) кампания to put on a drive ≈ начать кампанию to initiate, launch a drive for ≈ начинать кампанию a drive to raise funds ≈ кампания по сбору средств a charity drive ≈ благотворительная кампания Syn: campaign б) разг. продажа по низким ценам (с целью конкуренции)
8) энергичные, настойчивые усилия, напористость, настойчивость( в достижении какой-л. цели) Does she have enough drive to finish the job? ≈ Достаточно ли у нее энергии, чтобы закончить эту работу? Such men seem to lack the drive and confidence needed for public life. (J. S. Huxley) ≈ Таким людям, по-видимому, не хватает напористости и уверенности в себе, которые необходимы для общественной жизни. the drive ended in a touchdown ≈ непрерывные атаки, закончившиеся голом Syn: zest, energy, intensity, persistence
9) спешка, гонка, напряженность в работе
10) а) физиологическое желание или потребность б) побуждение, стимул, внутренний импульс an elemental drive ≈ стихийный порыв She has tremendous drive toward success. ≈ Мощный внутренний импульс толкал ее к успеху. Syn: motivation, ambition, impulse
11) амер.;
сл. возбуждение( особ. под влиянием наркотиков) Syn: thrill, exhilaration
12) тенденция Syn: drift, tendency
13) а) передача, привод, приводной механизм Syn: driving-gear б) рабочее состояние рычага переключения (в автоматической коробке передач) в) комп. дисковод, накопитель( на дисках или ленте)
14) горн. штрек
2. гл.;
прош. вр. - drove, прич. прош. вр. - driven
1) а) везти, перевозить, подвозить( в автомобиле, экипаже и т. п.) She drove me to the station. ≈- Она подвезла меня до станции. б) ездить;
ехать We usually drive to the country on Sunday. ≈ Мы обычно ездим за город по воскресеньям. Syn: ride, motor, go by car, go driving в) управлять( автомобилем и т. п.), править( лошадьми) She drives a car skillfully. ≈ Она ловко управляет автомобилем. to drive a pair ≈ править парой drive yourself car Syn: guide, steer;
operate
2) а) мчаться, нестись Syn: dash, rush, hasten б) мчаться, нестись (перемещаться с помощью ветра, воды и других естественных агентов)
3) а) подгонять, подталкивать;
гнать;
преследовать( употребляется обыкн. с наречиями или предложными фразами away, back, down, in, off, on, out, up;
from, to, toward, through и т. д., указывающими направление) to drive into a corner ≈ загнать в угол;
перен. припереть к стенке driven ashore ≈ выброшенный на берег drive back ≈ отгонять drive out ≈ выгонять They drove the cattle along the Chisholm Trail. ≈ Они гнали скот вдоль чисхольмской дороги. Syn: advance;
lead, guide, conduct;
push forward, spur, urge along б) наступать;
устремляться вперед Our troops are driving toward the enemy stronghold. ≈ Наши войска устремились к опорному пункту противника. Syn: advance, press forward;
rush
4) направлять и вести вперед (о животных, запряженных в коляски, плуг и т. п.;
тж. о локомотивах, паровозах и т. п.) ;
тж. перен. The engine-driver drove his train at the rate of forty miles an hour. ≈ Машинист вел поезд со скоростью сорок миль в час. Louie isn't an easy one to drive. ≈ Луи не тот человек, которого легко направлять.
5) сплавлять( лес)
6) спорт быстро и резко отбивать мяч( в бейсболе, теннисе)
7) вбивать, вколачивать (столбы, гвозди и т. п.) ;
тж. перен. to drive through ≈ вбивать The elephant drove his long tusks between the tiger's shoulders. ≈ Слон вонзил свои длинные бивни в спину тигра. to drive home upon the public mind the evils of perjury ≈ вбить в людские умы, что клятвопреступление - это зло drive a nail home drive the centre drive the cross drive the nail
8) а) проводить, прокладывать (туннель и т. п.) to drive a railway through the desert ≈ строить железную дорогу через пустыню б) горн. проходить горизонтальную выработку
9) ударять, стукать( кого-л., что-л.;
тж.) to let drive
10) побуждать, стимулировать;
заставлять, принуждать Thirst for knowledge drove him to Jerusalem. ≈ Жажда знаний привела его а Иерусалим. His pride drove him to complete the job. ≈ Гордость заставила его закончить работу. Syn: motivate;
force, compel, coerce
11) доводить( до какого-л. состояния), приводить( к какому-л. состоянию) to drive to despair ≈ доводить до отчаяния drive mad drive out of one's senses drive crazy
12) а) перегружать работой The boss drives her workers hard. ≈ Начальница здорово перегружает своих рабочих. Syn: press, urge, prod, goad;
incite, impel б) разг. усердно работать, 'нажимать' My cottage is not yet finished, but I shall drive at it as soon as the opening of spring will permit. ≈ Мой коттедж еще не готов, но я вплотную им займусь, как только позволит весна.
13) вести, совершать to drive a bargain ≈ заключать сделку to drive a trade ≈ вести торговлю
14) тянуть, затягивать, доводить до последнего (время, дело и т. п.;
тж. с) off, out, on) You had better not drive it to the last minute. ≈ Лучше не затягивай это до последней минуты. Syn: protract, prolong ∙ drive at drive away drive away at drive for drive home drive home to drive in drive into drive off drive out drive up drive a quill drive a pen let drive at езда - full * на полной скорости;
полным ходом - within two hour's * of Oxford в двух часах езды до Оксфорда - a * of 100 kilometres пробег в 100 километров прогулка, катание (в экипаже, машине) ;
поездка - to go for a * поехать (по) кататься подъездная дорога, аллея дорога для экипажей просека гон, гоньба, преследование (неприятеля, зверя и т. п.) (военное) наступление;
атака, удар - a massive export * in African markets массированное экспортное наступление на африканские рынки - Arab diplomatic * in Europe дипломатические инициативы арабов в Европе гонка, спешка - armament(s) * гонка вооружений - the constant * of work постоянная спешка в работе (американизм) (общественная) кампания - membership * кампания по по привлечению новых членов( в партию и т. п.) - economy * поход за экономию;
борьба за режим экономии - * for signatures кампания по сбору подписей - * to raise funds кампания по сбору средств - to put on a * начать кампанию стремление - a * for self-affirmation стремление к самоутверждению - * for power борьба за власть энергия, напористость - his style has * у него энергичный стиль - what he lacked in physical size he more than made up in sheer * and determination свой маленький рост он с избытком компенсировал исключительной напористостью и решительностью стимул, побуждение, внутренний импульс тенденция, направление - liberal economic * либеральные тенденции в экономике (американизм) (разговорное) распродажа товаров по низким ценам сплав леса сплавной лес удар (по мячу) ;
драйв (теннис, крикет) толчок (легкая атлетика) (техническое) привод, передача - front wheel * (автомобильное) привод на передние колеса - electric * электрический привод - flexible * привод с гибким валом( компьютерное) дисковод;
лентопротяжное устройство;
лентопротяжный механизм - tape * привод лентопротяжного устройства (горное) штрек дека (магнитофон без усилителя) водить, вести, править;
управлять - to * a car вести машину - to * a pair править парой - to * one's own carriage иметь собственный выезд ездить, ехать - to * in a car ехать на машине - to * to one's door подъехать к двери дома - to * on the right( of the road) держаться правой стороны( дороги) водить машину;
управлять лошадью - to learn to * научиться водить машину - to * recklessly легко водить машину, быть лихачем - to * like mad гнать как сумасшедший /во весь опор/ - to * to the public danger нарушать все правила дорожной безопасности - to * to the bit (спортивное) взять лошадь на повод быть хорошим или плохим в эксплуатации (о машине) - the car *s well (эту) машину легко водить, эта машина (хорошо) слушается руля гнать - to * cattle гнать скот - to * smb. from /out of/ the house выгнать кого-л. из дому отбрасывать, теснить - to * the enemy from his positions выбить противника с позиций - to * the enemy down the hill сбросить противника с высоты - to * the invaders across the border изгнать интервентов за пределы страны /со своей земли/ гнать;
рассеивать - to * the image out of one's head гнать от себя /стараться забыть/ этот образ - his words drove all doubts from my mind его слова рассеяли все мои сомнения гнать, нести, перемещать - the wind is driving the clouds ветер гонит тучи - the waves drove the ship upon the rocks волны вынесли корабль на скалы - the ship was *n ashore корабль был выброшен на берег нестись;
налетать;
перемещаться - the rain was driving against the window-panes дождь барабанил в окна - the snow was driving against the walls стены заметало снегом - the rain drove faster every minute с каждой минутой дождь усиливался нестись, мчаться - the ship drove across the waves корабль резал волну - he drove rudely past her into the room оттолкнув ее, он влетел /ворвался/ в комнату - to * to accelerate( спортивное) бежать с ускорением - to * for the tape (спортивное) заканчивать дистанцию;
финишировать - to * into the curve( спортивное) войти в поворот загонять, забивать, вбивать;
вонзать - to * a rivet посадить заклепку - to * a wedge вбить клин( военное) вклиниться - to * a nail home to the head загнать гвоздь по самую шляпку;
довести дело до конца, урегулировать( что-л.) - to * bullets straight посылать пули точно в цель входить, вонзаться - the nail won't * гвоздь никак не забьешь подгонять - to * a committee подгонять /торопить/ комиссию /комитет/ перегружать;
заваливать работой - don't * me too hard (разговорное) не наседай /не нажимай/ на меня (разговорное) затягивать, оттягивать - to * smt. to the last minute затянуть что-л. до последней минуты преследовать, гнать (зверя) - to * game преследовать /загонять/ дичь гнать, сплавлять (лес) вести (дело и т. п.) - to * a trade вести торговлю - to * a bargain заключить сделку проводить, прокладывать (дорогу и т. п.) - to * a railroad through the desert провести железную дорогу через пустыню (горное) проходить (горизонтальную выработку) (горное) бурить( скважину) ловить дрифтерной сетью( рыбу) нагнетать, напускать( воду, газ и т. п.) - to * water into the bath напускать воду в ванну (под большим напором) (спортивное) ударять (по мячу) (спортивное) отбивать драйвом (мяч) крутить (обруч, серсо) to drive smb., smth. to a place подвозить отвозить кого-л., что-л. куда-л. - to * smb. home подвезти кого-л. домой to have smb., smth. driven to a place отправлять кого-л., что-л. куда-л. - to have the luggage *n to the station отправить багаж на станцию (машиной) to drive smb. into a place загонять кого-л. куда-л. - to * smb. into a corner загнать кого-л. в угол;
перен. тж. поставить кого-л. в безвыходное положение to drive smb, out of a place выгонять, выживать кого-л. откуда-л. - to * smb. out of a flat выжить кого-л. из квартиры - the noise would * you out of the place из-за шума вы сами оттуда сбежите - to * smb. out of a market вытеснить кого-л. с рынка - to drive a place for smb., smth. устраивать облаву где-л., прочесывать какую-л. местность - to * a wood for a tiger устроить в лесу облаву на тигра to drive smb. to smth. /to do smth./ заставить, вынудить кого-л. сделать что-л. - to * smb. to a decision /to take a decision/ вынудить кого-л. принять решение - he was *n to steal by hunger голод заставил его пойти на воровство - he won't /can't/ be *n он не из тех, кого можно принудить;
его не заставишь сделать то, что он не хочет to drive by smth. приводить в движение чем-л., при помощи чего-л. - to * a mill by water power приводить машину в движение водой - an engine *n by steam двигатель, приводимый в действие паром - he is *n by his own passions им движут собственные страсти, он раб своих страстей to drive smb. into a state довести кого-л. до какого-л. состояния - to * smb. to drink довести кого-л. до пьянства - to * smb. mad /crazy/, to * smb. out of his senses /out of his mind/ доводить кого-л. до безумия, сводить кого-л. с ума - to * smb. into panic привести кого-л. в паническое состояние - to * smb. wild вывести кого-л. из себя, довести кого-л. до крайности to drive at smth. вести, клонить к чему-л. - what are you driving at? куда ты клонишь? к чему ты ведешь? чего ты хочешь? (разговорное) to let drive at smb. with smth ударить /стукнуть/ кого-л. чем-л. - he let * at the boy with his fists он набросился на мальчишку с кулаками to let drive at smth. with smth. ударить по чему-л. чем-л. - he let * at the ball with his club он стукнул по мячу клюшкой /лаптой/ > to * a guill /a pen/ писать, быть писателем > to * stakes( американизм) располагаться лагерем, разбивать лагерь;
застолбить участок;
делать заявку (на участок) ;
обосноваться > to * smb. round the bend доводить кого-л. до безумия, сводить кого-л. с ума > to * smb. to the wall прижать кого-л. к стенке > to * it home to smb. убедить кого-л. (в чем-л.) ;
растолковать кому-л. свою мысль > to * a lesson into smb.'s head втолковать /вдолбить/ кому-л. урок cartridge disk ~ вчт. кассетный дисковый накопитель cartridge disk ~ вчт. кассетный накопитель на дисках cartridge tape ~ вчт. кассетный ленточный накопитель cassette tape ~ кассетное лентопротяжное устройство correct ~ вчт. нужный дисковод disk ~ вчт. дисковод disk ~ вчт. накопитель на дисках diskette ~ вчт. накопитель на дискетах drive большая энергия, напористость ~ вбивать, вколачивать (тж. drive into) ;
to drive a nail home вбить гвоздь по самую шляпку;
перен. довести (что-л.) до конца;
убедить ~ (drove;
driven) везти (в автомобиле, экипаже и т. п.) ~ вести, править, управлять ~ гнать;
преследовать (зверя, неприятеля) ;
to drive into a corner загнать в угол;
перен. тж. припереть к стенке;
driven ashore выброшенный на берег ~ гнать ~ гонка, спешка (в работе) ~ движение ~ спорт. делать плоский удар (в теннисе, крикете) ~ вчт. диск ~ вчт. дисковод ~ доводить, приводить;
to drive to despair доводить до отчаяния;
to drive mad, to drive out of one's senses, to drive crazy сводить с ума ~ дорога (для экипажей) ;
подъездная аллея (к дому) ~ езда ~ ехать (в автомобиле, экипаже и т. п.) ;
быстро двигаться, нестись ~ запускать в производство ~ амер. (общественная) кампания (по привлечению новых членов и т. п.) ;
to put on a drive начать кампанию;
a drive to raise funds кампания по сбору средств ~ катание, езда, прогулка (в экипаже, автомобиле) ;
to go for a drive совершить прогулку ~ направление ~ общественная компания ~ отбрасывать ~ перегружать работой ~ тех. передача, привод ~ переутомлять, перегружать работой;
he was very hard driven он был очень перегружен ~ плоский удар (в теннисе, крикете) ~ побуждение, стимул ~ побуждение ~ подгонять ~ править (лошадьми) ;
to drive a pair править парой ~ преследование (неприятеля или зверя) ~ вчт. привод ~ приводить в движение ~ проводить, прокладывать;
to drive a railway through the desert строить железную дорогу через пустыню ~ амер. разг. продажа по низким ценам (с целью конкуренции) ~ горн. проходить горизонтальную выработку;
drive at метить;
клонить (к чему-л.) ;
what is he driving at? куда он гнет? ~ распродажа товаров по низким ценам ~ совершать, вести;
to drive a bargain заключать сделку;
to drive a trade вести торговлю ~ сплав, гонка (леса) ~ стимул ~ стремление ~ тенденция ~ тенденция ~ торопить ~ управлять (машиной, автомобилем) ~ управлять ~ устремление ~ цель ~ горн. штрек ~ воен. энергичное наступление, удар, атака driving: driving = drive ~ совершать, вести;
to drive a bargain заключать сделку;
to drive a trade вести торговлю ~ вбивать, вколачивать (тж. drive into) ;
to drive a nail home вбить гвоздь по самую шляпку;
перен. довести (что-л.) до конца;
убедить ~ править (лошадьми) ;
to drive a pair править парой to ~ a quill, to ~ a pen быть писателем to ~ a quill, to ~ a pen быть писателем ~ проводить, прокладывать;
to drive a railway through the desert строить железную дорогу через пустыню ~ совершать, вести;
to drive a bargain заключать сделку;
to drive a trade вести торговлю ~ горн. проходить горизонтальную выработку;
drive at метить;
клонить (к чему-л.) ;
what is he driving at? куда он гнет? ~ away прогонять ~ away рассеивать ~ away уехать ~ доводить, приводить;
to drive to despair доводить до отчаяния;
to drive mad, to drive out of one's senses, to drive crazy сводить с ума to ~ home убеждать, внедрять в сознание ~ in въехать ~ in загонять;
to drive the cows in загнать коров ~ in procession двигаться вереницей ~ in procession ехать в колонне ~ into вбивать;
перен. вдалбливать, растолковывать ~ доводить, приводить;
to drive to despair доводить до отчаяния;
to drive mad, to drive out of one's senses, to drive crazy сводить с ума ~ not ready вчт. устройство не готово ~ out выбивать;
вытеснять ~ out проехаться, прокатиться( в автомобиле) ~ доводить, приводить;
to drive to despair доводить до отчаяния;
to drive mad, to drive out of one's senses, to drive crazy сводить с ума ~ in загонять;
to drive the cows in загнать коров ~ доводить, приводить;
to drive to despair доводить до отчаяния;
to drive mad, to drive out of one's senses, to drive crazy сводить с ума ~ амер. (общественная) кампания (по привлечению новых членов и т. п.) ;
to put on a drive начать кампанию;
a drive to raise funds кампания по сбору средств ~ up подъехать, подкатить ~ yourself car машина напрокат без шофера ~ гнать;
преследовать (зверя, неприятеля) ;
to drive into a corner загнать в угол;
перен. тж. припереть к стенке;
driven ashore выброшенный на берег economy ~ кампания за экономию export ~ кампания за увеличение экспорта floppy disk ~ вчт. накопитель на гибких магнитных дисках floppy ~ вчт. дисковод гибких дисков ~ катание, езда, прогулка (в экипаже, автомобиле) ;
to go for a drive совершить прогулку ~ переутомлять, перегружать работой;
he was very hard driven он был очень перегружен hypertape ~ вчт. кассетное лентопротяжное устройство incorrect ~ вчт. не тот дисковод to let ~ at метить, направлять удар в local ~ вчт. локальный дисковод logical ~ вчт. логический дисковод n-high disk ~ вчт. накопитель с n дисками network ~ вчт. сетевой дисковод publicity ~ рекламная кампания ~ амер. (общественная) кампания (по привлечению новых членов и т. п.) ;
to put on a drive начать кампанию;
a drive to raise funds кампания по сбору средств ribbon ~ вчт. привод красящей ленты sales ~ кампания за увеличение сбыта servo ~ вчт. следящий привод slim-line ~ вчт. малогабаритный накопитель tape ~ вчт. лентопротяжное устройство tape ~ лентопротяжное устройство tape ~ лентопротяжный механизм tape ~ накопитель на магнитной ленте test ~ испытание автомобиля для принятия решения о его приобретении tractor ~ вчт. тянущая передача ~ горн. проходить горизонтальную выработку;
drive at метить;
клонить (к чему-л.) ;
what is he driving at? куда он гнет?

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > drive
14 Edison, Thomas Alva

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Automotive engineering, Electricity, Electronics and information technology, Metallurgy, Photography, film and optics, Public utilities, Recording, Telecommunications

[br]

b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA

d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont

[br]

American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.

[br]

He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.

At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.

Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.

He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.

Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.

Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.

Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.

In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.

On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.

Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.

In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.

In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.

In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.

In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.

In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.

Further Reading

M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.

R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.

IMcN

Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva
15 PCC

1) Общая лексика: plain cement concrete

2) Американизм: Panama Canal Commission, Per Capita Capital, Postal Customer Council, President's Car Conference, President's Conference Committee, Press Complaints Commission

3) Спорт: Playing Command And Conquer

4) Военный термин: Chief Postal Clerk, POADS Computer Center, Percentage Of Correct Classification, Personnel Contingency Cell, President of Canteen Committee, Primary Control Center, Program Coordinating Committee, Pseudo City Code, performance criteria categories, personnel control center, personnel coordination center, planning coordination conference, platoon control central, positive control communications, postal and courier communications, postal and courier communications PCBS, positive control bombardment system, postal concentration center, precommand course, production control center, program change control, progress control clerk, project cost control, provisional control code

5) Техника: plutonium concentrator concentrate, power control console, primary component cooling, process chemistry cell, program cost categories

6) Химия: Precipitated Calcium Carbonate

7) Религия: Praise Chapel Club

8) Железнодорожный термин: Palouse River and Coulee City Railroad Incorporated

9) Юридический термин: Prerogative Court Of Canterbury, Psychic Character Class, Pure Coke Club

10) Дипломатический термин: Protocol Coordination Center

11) Телекоммуникации: Protected Cell Company, Постоянный консультативный комитет

12) Сокращение: Parochial Church Council, Partnership Co-ordination Cell (NATO), Polarity Coincidence Correlation receiver, Police Compact Carbine, Population Crisis Committee, Postal & Courier Communications, Postal Concentration Center (Miami, FL gathers APO/FPO mail), Presidents Conference Committee, peaceful chemical compound, point of compound curve

13) Университет: Palmer College of Chiropractic, Pensacola Christian College, Piedmont Community College, Portland Community College, Pratt Community College

14) Электроника: Personal Computer Controlled

15) Вычислительная техника: program-controlled computer

16) Литература: Petro-Canada Central Toastmasters Club

17) Транспорт: Paver Compacted Concrete, Performance Concept Car, Portland Cement Concrete, Panama Channel Charge / сбор за прохождение Панамского канала

18) Фирменный знак: Pacific Computer Consulting, Pennsylvania Council Of Cooperatives, Playboy Cyber Club, Professional Cultural Centre

19) СМИ: Press Complaints Commission (a voluntary regulatory body for British printed newspapers and magazines, consisting of representatives of the major publishers)

20) Деловая лексика: Price Check Committee, Project Contemporary Competitiveness

21) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: propped conical caisson

22) Образование: Percent Correct Classification, Percentage Of Consonants Correct

23) Океанография: Policy Coordination Council

24) Безопасность: Poison Control Center

25) Расширение файла: Peripheral Control Computer, Cutout picture vector graphics (ZSoft PC Paintbrush)

26) Нефть и газ: Producer Companies Committee, КДК, Комитет добывающих компаний

27) Военно-политический термин: Partnership Coordination Cell

28) Электротехника: power control center, Point of Common Coupling

29) Общественная организация: Pennsylvania Conservation Corps

30) Должность: Patient Care Coordinator, Personal Cruise Consultant, Professional Certified Coach

31) Правительство: Pima County Code

32) НАСА: Power Converter for CDMU

33) Программное обеспечение: Portable C Compiler

34) AMEX. P M C Commercial Trust

35) Оргтехника: Printer Carriage Control

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > PCC
16 UP

1) Компьютерная техника: User Profile, user part

2) Американизм: Unlimited Power

3) Спорт: Utilizing Potential

4) Техника: ultraportable

5) Сельское хозяйство: Urea Phosphate

6) Математика: задача без ограничений (unconstrained problem), равномерная вероятность (uniform probability)

7) Железнодорожный термин: Union Pacific Railroad Company

8) Грубое выражение: Utterly Pathetic

9) Политика: Ukraine

10) Телекоммуникации: Unnumbered Poll

11) Сокращение: Unguided Projectile, Union Pacific, United Presbyterian, United Press

12) Университет: University of Pennsylvania, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portland, University of the Philippines

13) Вычислительная техника: Union Pacific (Railroading, Corporate name), Uni Processor (system)

14) Нефть: TBG upset tubing

15) Пищевая промышленность: диастатическая сила (unit power, характерно для солодовых производных)

16) Фирменный знак: University Press

17) Деловая лексика: Un Planned

18) Полимеры: unsaturated polyester, urethane plastics, насыщенные полиэфирные смолы

19) Автоматика: uniprocessing

20) Расширение файла: Uniprocessor

21) Правительство: Upper Peninsula

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > UP
17 pcc

1) Общая лексика: plain cement concrete

2) Американизм: Panama Canal Commission, Per Capita Capital, Postal Customer Council, President's Car Conference, President's Conference Committee, Press Complaints Commission

3) Спорт: Playing Command And Conquer

4) Военный термин: Chief Postal Clerk, POADS Computer Center, Percentage Of Correct Classification, Personnel Contingency Cell, President of Canteen Committee, Primary Control Center, Program Coordinating Committee, Pseudo City Code, performance criteria categories, personnel control center, personnel coordination center, planning coordination conference, platoon control central, positive control communications, postal and courier communications, postal and courier communications PCBS, positive control bombardment system, postal concentration center, precommand course, production control center, program change control, progress control clerk, project cost control, provisional control code

5) Техника: plutonium concentrator concentrate, power control console, primary component cooling, process chemistry cell, program cost categories

6) Химия: Precipitated Calcium Carbonate

7) Религия: Praise Chapel Club

8) Железнодорожный термин: Palouse River and Coulee City Railroad Incorporated

9) Юридический термин: Prerogative Court Of Canterbury, Psychic Character Class, Pure Coke Club

10) Дипломатический термин: Protocol Coordination Center

11) Телекоммуникации: Protected Cell Company, Постоянный консультативный комитет

12) Сокращение: Parochial Church Council, Partnership Co-ordination Cell (NATO), Polarity Coincidence Correlation receiver, Police Compact Carbine, Population Crisis Committee, Postal & Courier Communications, Postal Concentration Center (Miami, FL gathers APO/FPO mail), Presidents Conference Committee, peaceful chemical compound, point of compound curve

13) Университет: Palmer College of Chiropractic, Pensacola Christian College, Piedmont Community College, Portland Community College, Pratt Community College

14) Электроника: Personal Computer Controlled

15) Вычислительная техника: program-controlled computer

16) Литература: Petro-Canada Central Toastmasters Club

17) Транспорт: Paver Compacted Concrete, Performance Concept Car, Portland Cement Concrete, Panama Channel Charge / сбор за прохождение Панамского канала

18) Фирменный знак: Pacific Computer Consulting, Pennsylvania Council Of Cooperatives, Playboy Cyber Club, Professional Cultural Centre

19) СМИ: Press Complaints Commission (a voluntary regulatory body for British printed newspapers and magazines, consisting of representatives of the major publishers)

20) Деловая лексика: Price Check Committee, Project Contemporary Competitiveness

21) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: propped conical caisson

22) Образование: Percent Correct Classification, Percentage Of Consonants Correct

23) Океанография: Policy Coordination Council

24) Безопасность: Poison Control Center

25) Расширение файла: Peripheral Control Computer, Cutout picture vector graphics (ZSoft PC Paintbrush)

26) Нефть и газ: Producer Companies Committee, КДК, Комитет добывающих компаний

27) Военно-политический термин: Partnership Coordination Cell

28) Электротехника: power control center, Point of Common Coupling

29) Общественная организация: Pennsylvania Conservation Corps

30) Должность: Patient Care Coordinator, Personal Cruise Consultant, Professional Certified Coach

31) Правительство: Pima County Code

32) НАСА: Power Converter for CDMU

33) Программное обеспечение: Portable C Compiler

34) AMEX. P M C Commercial Trust

35) Оргтехника: Printer Carriage Control

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > pcc
18 up

1) Компьютерная техника: User Profile, user part

2) Американизм: Unlimited Power

3) Спорт: Utilizing Potential

4) Техника: ultraportable

5) Сельское хозяйство: Urea Phosphate

6) Математика: задача без ограничений (unconstrained problem), равномерная вероятность (uniform probability)

7) Железнодорожный термин: Union Pacific Railroad Company

8) Грубое выражение: Utterly Pathetic

9) Политика: Ukraine

10) Телекоммуникации: Unnumbered Poll

11) Сокращение: Unguided Projectile, Union Pacific, United Presbyterian, United Press

12) Университет: University of Pennsylvania, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portland, University of the Philippines

13) Вычислительная техника: Union Pacific (Railroading, Corporate name), Uni Processor (system)

14) Нефть: TBG upset tubing

15) Пищевая промышленность: диастатическая сила (unit power, характерно для солодовых производных)

16) Фирменный знак: University Press

17) Деловая лексика: Un Planned

18) Полимеры: unsaturated polyester, urethane plastics, насыщенные полиэфирные смолы

19) Автоматика: uniprocessing

20) Расширение файла: Uniprocessor

21) Правительство: Upper Peninsula

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > up
19 service

служба; военная [воинская] служба; обслуживание; обеспечение; вид ВС; род войск; pl. св. виды услуг; Бр. технические советники, начальники ( технических) служб ( в штабе) ; обслуживать; производить осмотр и текущий ремонт; обеспечивать; заправлять; служебный; военный; см. тж. duty

discard (a weapon) from service — снимать с вооружения

Military Sea Transport(ation) service — военная морская транспортная служба

morale (and personnel) services — виды обслуживания ЛС, способствующие поднятию морального духа; обеспечение (ЛС) предметами пропагандистского назначения

put into (operational) service — поставлять [принимать] на вооружение; вводить в эксплуатацию [строй]

— accept for service

— accompanied service

— active commissioned service

— active enlisted service

— active federal service

— active list service

— active obligated service

— active service

— actual military service

— administrative airlift service

— administrative services

— adopt for service

— aerial radiological service

— aerospace cartographic and geodetic service

— after-operation service

— air and motor messenger service

— aircraft warning service

— airdrop communications service

— airlift service

— alerting service

— alternative national service

— American Forces Information service

— American Forces Radio and Television service

— animal veterinary service

— area signal services

— Armed Forces Press service

— armed services

— Army Community service

— Army Integrated Meteorological service

— Army Leased Commercial Communications service

— Army Legal services

— Army Map service

— Army Medical service

— Army Postal service

— Army Security service

— Artillery Supply service

— Audiovisual service

— Automatic Data Processing service

— aviation service

— back-up service

— bakery service

— barrack services

— basic active service to date

— basic military service

— bath and laundry service

— bath service

— be in operational service

— begin service

— blood transfusion service

— boat dispatch service

— British Forces Broadcasting service

— broken service

— call out for service

— camp service

— canteen service

— career service

— central rear services

— Central Security service

— Chaplain service

— Civil service

— clandestine services

— clothing exchange service

— code service

— combat service

— combatant service

— commissioned service

— common-user ocean terminal service

— communications intersectional services

— communications service

— community services

— commuter service

— compulsory military service

— conscript service

— conspicuous service

— constructive service

— contact repair service

— continuous service

— contract enlisted service

— courier service

— creditable service

— cryptoanalytical service

— custodial services

— CW service

— dedicated service

— Defense Contract Administration service

— Defense Investigative service

— Defense Printing service

— Defense Property Disposal service

— Defense Traffic Management service

— defer a service

— delivery service

— dental service

— Department of Energy Intelligence service

— detached service

— disbursing service

— dispatch service

— divine service

— drop out of service

— emanations service

— emergency services

— enter service

— environmental services

— EW analysis service

— exchange service

— extended service

— ferry service

— field ambulance service

— field laundry service

— field security service

— field service

— fighting service

— Finance Department Special service

— finance service

— food service in the field

— food service

— for service in

— forced military service

— forces courier service

— frequency-control service

— fuel cycle services

— full military service

— full-time service

— furnish service to troops in the field

— gaining service

— gas defense service

— general military service

— general service

— graves registration service

— ground messenger service

— health service

— highway transport service

— host support services

— humane relief service

— induct into service

— information service

— inspection service

— intelligence service

— Intelligence service

— intercommunications service

— International Military services

— Interservice Information service

— intradivision messenger service

— involuntary service

— issuing service

— joint services

— land service

— landline communications service

— lead service

— Leased Satellite service

— legal service

— limited service

— line interception service

— load service

— loan service

— maintenance service

— mapping intelligence service

— mapping service

— march ambulance service

— medical field service

— medical service

— memorial services

— message center service

— messenger service

— military intelligence service

— military postal service

— Military railroad service

— Military railway service

— Military security service

— military service

— Military service

— Military Traffic Management and Terminal service

— Military Transportation service

— minimally coercive national service

— mobile radio service

— mobilized service

— monitoring service

— motor dispatch service

— motor transport service

— motor vehicle messenger service

— muster into service

— muster out of service

— National Intelligence service

— national service

— National Youth service

— Naval Band service

— Naval Legal service

— Naval services

— nonappropriated exchange service

— noncombatant service

— nonpersonal services

— nonpromotion list service

— nuclear explosion services

— nuclear strike warning service

— Nurse service

— operational service

— ordnance ammunition service

— ordnance service

— other services

— part-time service

— pass into service

— pay service

— personal services

— personnel and community service

— Personnel and Employment service

— personnel services

— phase into service

— phase out of service

— post exchange service

— postal and courier service

— postal services

— pouch service

— Princess Mary's RAF Nursing service

— prior active service

— prior service

— quasiintelligence service

— rating service

— rear ward services

— recreation service

— recruiting service

— reference service

— religious field service

— religious service

— relocation services

— remount services

— reserve service with concurrent active duty

— reserve service

— rest and recreation service

— Royal Marines Band service

— Royal Naval Auxiliary service

— sanitary service

— Sea services

— Secret Intelligence service

— secret service

— Security Advisory service

— security service

— see active service

— see service in

— selective service

— Senior Executive service

— senior service

— service afloat

— service in command

— service in ranks

— service of supply

— service of the piece

— service with the colors

— service with troops

— SIGINT service

— signal information and monitoring service

— signals dispatch service

— silent service

— sister service

— social welfare service

— sole user communications service

— Special Air service

— Special Boat service

— Special Dispatch Rider service

— special service

— squadron service

— State Department Intelligence service

— still and motion picture photographic service

— submarine service

— supply service

— support services

— tactical reconnaissance service

— technical field service

— technical service

— Territorial Liaison service

— traffic management service

— training service

— transportation service

— Trial Defense service

— unfit for service

— Uniformed services

— unit service

— united services

— US Armed services

— USAF Communications service

— USAF Intelligence service

— USAF Security service

— Veterinary service

— Voluntary service

— war service

— warning service

— water supply service

— weather service

— welfare service

— wire service

— withdraw from service

— Women's Auxiliary Air Force service

— Women's Royal Naval service

— Women's Royal Voluntary service

— works service

— worship services

English-Russian military dictionary > service
20 spur

1. n шпора

calcaneal spur — пяточная шпора

2. n пришпоривание, «палка», понукание

to need the spur — нуждаться в понукании, быть медлительным

3. n l

4. n ист. шпоры как символ рыцарского достоинства

5. n признание, награда; слава; имя

he won his academic spurs as a holder of a chair in a university — он получил признание своих научных заслуг на посту заведующего кафедрой в университете

6. n стимул, побуждение

under the spur of poverty — вынуждаемый бедностью

7. n отросток

8. n петушиная шпора

9. n острый наконечник, шип, зуб

10. n металлический наконечник, надеваемый на шпору бойцового петуха

11. n бот. шпорец; пенёк

12. n отрог

13. n стр. подкос, контрфорс

14. n стр. буна

ответвление

15. n стр. ж. -д. тупик, ветка

rail spur — подъездная ветка

railroad spur — железнодорожная ветка

16. n стр. спорынья

to dish up the spurs — дать понять гостям, что пора уходить

17. v пришпоривать

18. v бить шпорами

19. v побуждать, подстрекать

he was spurred by poverty to commit a crime — на преступление его толкнула нужда

20. v приделывать шпоры, снабжать шпорами

21. v надевать шпоры

22. v мчаться во весь опор, спешить

we were spurring onward all night — мы мчались вперёд всю ночь

to ride whip and spur — мчаться во весь опор

23. v ставить подпорку, подпирать

Синонимический ряд:

1. goad (noun) goad; prod; spike

2. quill (noun) needle; quill; spine

3. stimulus (noun) catalyst; impetus; impulse; incentive; incitation; incitement; inducement; instigation; motivation; propellant; provocation; provocative; push; stimulant; stimulation; stimulus; urge

4. prompt (verb) bring on; precipitate; prompt

5. urge (verb) arouse; drive; egg on; excite; exhort; galvanise; goad; impel; incite; induce; inflame; inspire; instigate; kindle; motivate; move; poke; press; prick; prod; propel; provoke; push; rouse; sic; stimulate; urge; work up

Антонимический ряд:

curb; deterrent; hinder

English-Russian base dictionary > spur

Страницы

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The Railroad Press

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